Book Thirty Eight – The Book on Representation, Authorization, Business by Proxy

Hadith Number 496.

Narrated by 'Ali (Radhi Allahu Anhu): Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ordered me to distribute the saddles and skins of the Budn (*) which had slaughtered.


* Badana (pl Budn) a cattle offered as sacrifice to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala


Hadith Number 497.

Narrated by 'Uqba bin Amir (Radhi Allahu Anhu): That the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) had given him sheep to distribute among his companions and a male kid was left (after the distribution). When he informed the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) of it, he said (to him), "Offer it as a sacrifice on your behalf."


Hadith Number 498.

Narrated by 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf (Radhi Allahu Anhu): I got an agreement written between me and Umaiya bin Khalaf that Umaiya would look after my property (or family) in Makkah and I would look after his in Al-Madinah. When I mentioned the word 'Ar-Rahman' in the documents, Umaiya said, "I do not know 'Ar-Rahman.' Write down to me your name, (with which you called yourself) in the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance." So, I wrote my name 'Abdu 'Amr. On the day (of the battle) of Badr, when all the people went to sleep, I went up the hill to protect him. Bilal (*) saw him (i.e. Umaiya) and went to a gathering of Ansar and said, "(Here is) Umaiya bin Khalaf Woe to me if he escapes!" So, a group of Ansar went out with Bilal to follow us ('Abdur-Rahman and Umaiya). Being afraid that they would catch us, I left Umaiya's son for them to keep them busy but the Ansar killed the son and insisted on following us. Umaiya was a fat man, and when they approached us, I told him to kneel down, and he knelt, and I laid myself on him to protect him, but the Ansar killed him by passing their swords underneath me, and one of them injured my foot with his sword. (The sub narrator said, " 'Abdur-Rahman used to show us the trace of the wound on the back of his foot.")


* Umaiya used to torture Bilal (Radhi Allahu Anhu) severely when he was in Makkah because he had embraced Islam.


Hadith Number 499.

Narrated by Abu Said Al-Khudri and Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) : Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) employed someone as a governor at Khaibar. When the man came to Al-Madinah, he brought with him dates called Janib. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked him, "Are all the dates of Khaibar of this kind?" The man replied, "(No), we exchange two Sa's of bad dates for one Sa of this kind of dates (i.e. Janib), or exchange three Sa's for two." On that, the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Don't do so, as it is a kind of usury (Riba) but sell the dates of inferior quality for money, and then buy Janib with the money". The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said the same thing about dates sold by weight. (See Hadith No. 506).


Hadith Number 500.

Narrated by Ibn Ka'b bin Malik: From his father, We had some sheep which used to graze at Sala'. One of our slave girls saw a sheep dying and she broke a stone and slaughtered the sheep with it. My father said to the people, "Don't eat it till I ask the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) about it (or till I send somebody to ask the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam))." So, he asked or sent somebody to ask the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam), and the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) permitted him to eat it. 'Ubaidullah (a sub-narrator) said, "I admire that girl, for though she was a slave-girl, she dared to slaughter the sheep."

Hadith Number 501.

Narrated by Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu): The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) owed somebody a camel of a certain age. When he came to demand it back, the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said (to some people), "Give him (his due)." When the people searched for a camel of that age, they found none, but found a camel one year older. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Give (it to) him." On that, the man remarked, "You have given me my right in full. May Allah give you in full." The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "The best amongst you is the one who pays the rights of others generously."


Hadith Number 502.

Narrated by Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu): A man came to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) demanding his debts and behaved rudely. The companions of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) intended to harm him, but Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said (to them), "Leave him, for the creditor (i.e. owner of a right) has the right to speak." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) then said, "Give him a camel of the same age as that of his." The people said, "O Allah's Messenger! There is only a camel that is older than his." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Give (it to) him, for the best amongst you is he who pays the rights of others handsomely."


Hadith Number 503.

Narrated by Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama : When the delegates of the tribe of Hawazin after embracing Islam, came to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam), he got up. They appealed to him to return their properties and their captives. Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said to them, "The most beloved statement to me is the true one. So, you have the option of restoring your properties or your captives, for I have delayed distributing them." The narrator added, Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) had been waiting for them for more than ten days on his return from Taif. When they realized that Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) would return to them only one of two things, they said, "We choose our captives." So, Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) got up in the gathering of the Muslims, praised Allah as He deserved, and said, "Then after! These brethren of yours have come to you with repentance and I see it proper to return their captives to them. So, whoever amongst you likes to do that as a favour, then he can do it, and whoever of you wants to stick to his share till we pay him from the very first booty which Allah will give us then he can do so." The people replied, "We agree to give up our shares willingly as a favour for Allah's Messenger." Then Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "We don't know who amongst you has agreed and who hasn't. Go back and your chiefs may tell us your opinion." So, all of them returned and their chiefs discussed the matter with them and then they (i.e. their chiefs) came to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) to tell him that they (i.e. the people) had given up their shares gladly and willingly.


Hadith Number 504.

Narrated by Jabir bin 'Abdullah (Radhi Allahu Anhu): I was accompanying the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) on a journey and was riding a slow camel that was lagging behind the others. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) passed by me and asked, "Who is this?" I replied, "Jabir bin 'Abdullah." He asked, "What is the matter, (why are you late)?" I replied, "I am riding a slow camel." He asked, "Do you have a stick?" I replied in the affirmative. He said, "Give it to me." When I gave it to him, he beat the camel and rebuked it. Then that camel surpassed the others thenceforth. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Sell it to me." I replied, "It is (a gift) for you, O Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam)." He said, "Sell it to me. I have bought it for four Dinars (gold pieces) and you can keep on riding it till Al-Madinah." When we approached Al-Madinah, I started going (towards my house). The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Where are you going?" I Sad, "I have married a widow." He said, "Why have you not married a virgin to fondle with each other?" I said, "My father died and left daughters, so I decided to marry a widow (an experienced woman) (to look after them)." He said, "Well done." When we reached Al-Madinah, Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "O Bilal, pay him (the price of the camel) and give him extra money." Bilal gave me four Dinars and one Qirat extra. (A sub-narrator said): Jabir added, "The extra Qirat of Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) never parted from me." The Qirat was always in Jabir bin 'Abdullah's purse. (*)


* The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) did not mention how much extra money Bilal (Radhi Allahu Anhu) was given, so Bilal (Radhi Allahu Anhu) gave according to convention.

Hadith Number 505A.

Narrated by Sahl bin Sad (Radhi Allahu Anhu): A woman came to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) and said, "O Allah's Messenger! I want to give up myself to you." A man said, "Marry her to me." The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "We agree to marry her to you with what you know of the Qur'an by heart."


Hadith Number 505B.

Narrated by Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu): Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) deputed me to keep Sadaqat (al-Fitr) of Ramadan. A comer (*) came and started taking handfuls of the foodstuff (of the Sadaqa) (stealthily). I took hold of him and said, "By Allah, I will take you to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam)." He said, "I am needy and have many dependents, and I am in great need." I released him, and in the morning Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked me, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" (**) I said, "O Allah's Messenger! The person complained of being needy and of having many dependents, so, I pitied him and let him go." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Indeed, he told you a lie and he will be coming again." I believed that he would show up again as Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) had told me that he would return. So, I waited for him watchfully. When he (showed up and) started stealing handfuls of foodstuff, I caught hold of him again and said, "I will definitely take you to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam). He said, "Leave me, for I am very needy and have many dependents. I promise I will not come back again." I pitied him and let him go.

In the morning Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked me, "What did your prisoner do." I replied, "O Allah's Messenger! He complained of his great need and of too many dependents, so I took pity on him and set him free." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Verily, he told you a lie and he will return." I waited for him attentively for the third time, and when he (came and) started stealing handfuls of the foodstuff, I caught hold of him and said, "I will surely take you to Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) as it is the third time you promise not to return, yet you break your promise and come." He said, "(Forgive me and) I will teach you some words with which Allah will benefit you." I asked, "What are they?" He replied, "Whenever you go to bed, recite "Ayat-al-Kursi"... 'Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-l-Haiy-ul Qaiyum' till you finish the whole verse. (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you and no Shaitan will come near you till morning.” So, I released him. In the morning, Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" I replied, "He claimed that he would teach me some words by which Allah will benefit me, so I let him go." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked, "What are they?" I replied, "He said to me, 'Whenever you go to bed, recite Ayat-al-Kursi (***) from the beginning to the end... Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-lHaiy-ul-Qaiyum.' He further said to me, '(If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you, and no Shaitan will come near you till morning.' (Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) or another sub-narrator) added that they (the companions) were very keen to do good deeds. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "He really spoke the truth, although he is an absolute liar. Do you know whom you were talking to, these three nights, O Abu Hurairah?" Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) said, "No." He said, "It was Shaitan."

* Comer – Shaitan

** Allah Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) was inspired divinely of the whole story and this was the reason why he asked Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhu), though he had told him nothing.

*** Surah Al-Baqarah 2: Ayah 255


Hadith Number 506.

Narrated by Abu Said al-Khudri (Radhi Allahu Anhu): Once Bilal (Radhi Allahu Anhu) brought Barni (i.e. a kind of dates) to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) and the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) asked him, "From where have you brought these?" Bilal replied, "I had some inferior type of dates and exchanged two Sas of it for one Sa of Barni dates in order to give it to the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam); to eat." Thereupon the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "Beware! Beware! This is definitely Riba (usury)! This is definitely Riba (Usury)! (*) Don't do so, but if you want to buy (a superior kind of dates) sell the inferior dates for money and then buy the superior kind of dates with that money."


*Riba-see meaning Here


Hadith Number 507.

Narrated by 'Amr: Concerning the Waqf of 'Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu): It was not sinful of the trustee (of the Waqf) to eat or provide his friends from it, provided the trustee had no intention of collecting fortune (for himself). Ibn 'Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) was the manager of the trust of 'Umar and he used to give presents from it to those with whom he used to stay at Makkah.


Hadith Number 508.

Narrated by Zaid bin Khalid and Abu Hurairah (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) : The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "O Unais! Go to the wife of this (man) and if she confesses (that she has committed illegal sexual intercourse), then stone her to death."

Hadith Number 509.

Narrated by 'Uqba bin Al-Harith : When An-Nu’man or his son was brought in a state of drunkenness, Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) ordered all those who were present in the house to beat him. I was one of those who beat him. We beat him with shoes and palm-leaf stalks.


Hadith Number 510.

Narrated by 'Aishah (Radhi Allahu Anha): I twisted the garlands of the Hadis (i.e. animals for sacrifice) of Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) with my own hands. Then Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) put them around their necks with his own hands, and sent them with my father (to Makkah). Nothing legal was regarded illegal for Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) till the animals were slaughtered. (*)

* Sending the Hadi to Makkah while one is somewhere else, does not require that one should be treated as a Muhrim.




Hadith Number 511.

Narrated by Anas bin Malik (Radhi Allahu Anhu): Abu Talha (Radhi Allahu Anhu) was the richest man in Al-Madinah amongst the Ansar and Beeruha' (garden) was the most beloved of his property, and it was situated opposite the Masjid (of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam).). Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) used to enter it and drink from its sweet water. When the following Divine Verse were revealed: 'you will not attain righteousness till you spend in charity of the things you love' (Surah Aal-‘Imran 3: 93), Abu Talha got up in front of Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) and said, "O Allah's Messenger! Allah says in His Book, 'You will not attain righteousness unless you spend (in charity) that which you love,' and verily, the most beloved to me of my property is Beeruha (garden), so I give it in charity and hope for its reward from Allah. O Allah's Messenger! Spend it wherever you like." Allah's Messenger (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) appreciated that and said, "That is perishable wealth, that is perishable wealth. I have heard what you have said; I suggest you to distribute it among your relatives." (*) Abu Talha (Radhi Allahu Anhu) said, "I will do so, O Allah's Messenger." So, Abu Talha (Radhi Allahu Anhu) distributed it among his relatives and cousins. The sub-narrator (Malik) said: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said: "That is a profitable wealth," instead of "perishable wealth".


* That is perishable wealth and it is better for you to spend in charity whereby you will get what will be imperishable (i.e. Allah’s reward)


Hadith Number 512.

Narrated by Abu Musa (Radhi Allahu Anhu) : The Prophet (Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam) said, "An honest treasurer who gives what he is ordered to give fully, perfectly and willingly to the person to whom he is ordered to give, is regarded as one of the two charitable persons."