Chapter 01 - Jihad

1298. Abu Hurairah  narrated that the Messenger of Allah :saws:said, "He who dies without having gone or thought of going out for Jihad in the Cause of Allah, will die while being guilty of having one of the qualities of hypocrisy." Related by Muslim.





1299. Anas  narrated that the Messenger of Allah :saws:said, "Fight the disbelievers (polytheists) with your property, yourselves and your tongues." Related by Ahmad, An- Nasa'i and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.






1300. Aishah  narrated, 'I said: '0 Messenger of Allah! Is Jihad. prescribed (also) for women?' Allah's Messenger :saws:said, ''Yes, a Jihad which is without fighting, it is Hajj and 'Ummah." Related by Ibn Majah.





1301. Abdullah bin Umar :radiyallahuanhnarrated 'A man came to the Messenger of Allah :saws:asking his permission to go out for Jihad. The Messenger of Allah:saws: asked him, "Are your parents alive?" He replied, 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah :saws:then said to him, "Then your Jihad would be with them (i.e. in looking after them and being at their service.)." Agreed upon.





1302. Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted a similar hadith on the authority of Abu Said, and they added the extra statement, "Go back and ask for their permission. If they permit you to go, then go for Jihad otherwise, be good to them (look after them).(372)

372. Scholars say that this hadilh is evidence that asking the parent's permission before going for Jihdd is necessary. Also that Jihad is not compulsory when both parents or one of them is still nlive (especially if they are elderly).






1303. Jarir  narrated that the Messenger of Allah :saws:said, "Any Muslim who stays among the polytheists, does not belong to me." Related by the three Imams with a sound chain of narrators. Imam Al-Bukhari considered it as Mursal. (i.e. the companion is absent from the chain of narrators.)






1304. Ibn 'Abbas  narrated that the Messenger of Allah  said, "There is no emigration (from Makkah to al-Madinah)after the conquest of Makkah, but only Jihad (in the Cause of Allah) and a good intention."(373)

373. The specific Hijrah (migration) from Makkah to Al-Madinah is not compulsory anymore after the conquest of Makkah, but still Jihad remains and one could emigrate from his home for its sake. Also emigration with a good intention such as escaping from the land of the disbelievers, travelling to gain knowledge, escaping from Fitnah etc






1305. Abu Musa Al-Ashari  narrated that the Messenger of Allah  said, "The one who fights for Allah's word to become Superior, is striving in Allah's Cause." Agreed upon.






1306. 'Abdullah bin As-Sa'di narrated that the Messenger of Allah  said, "Emigration (to fight the enemy) will continue as long as an enemy is fought." Related by An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih






1307. Nafi   narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah  made an attack on Bani al-Mus-Taliq when they were unaware. (374) He killed the men who were fighting and took the women and children as captives.' 'Abdullah bin 'Umar told me about it. Agreed upon.

374. As they were preparing to the Prophet  .

1308. Sulaiman bin Buraidah narrated on the authority of his father on the authority of 'A'ishah 'Whenever Allah's Messenger :saws:appointed a commander over an army or a Sariyah, (375) he would instruct him to fear Allah in his own behavior and consider the welfare of the Muslims who were with him. He :saws:then used to say "Go out tor Jihad in Allah's name, in the Cause of Allah, and fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go out for Jihad and do not indulge in Ghulul (376), or be treacherous or mutilate (dead bodies) or kill a child. When you meet your enemy, or the polytheists, invite them to three courses of action, and accept whichever of them they are willing to agree to, and withhold from doing anything else: Call them to Islam, and if they agree accept it from them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the land of the Emigrants (i.e. Al-Madinah), (377) if they refuse, then tell them they will be like the Muslim desert Arabs, (378) thus they will have no right in the Ghanimah (379) or Fai' (380) unless they participate in Jihad with the Muslims. If they refuse (to accept Islam) order them to pay the Jizyah (381) and if they agree, accept it from them. If they refuse,seek Allah, the Most High's help against them and fight them. When you besiege a fortress, and its people wish you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet   grant them neither but grant them your protection, for it is less serious (a lesser guilt) to break your guarantee of protection than to break that of Allah's. And if they offer to capitulate under the condition that they are subjected to the judgment of Allah, do not grant them this, but judge according to your own command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah, the Most High's Judgement regarding them." Related by Muslim.

375. A small army unit which is sent out by the Prophet :saws:for Jihad, hut without his participation in it.
376. Stealing the war booty before it is distributed according to the laws of Shari'ah. According to the consensus of the scholars it is one of the major sins.
377. Migration from Makkah to Al-Madlnah used to be compulsory before the conquest of Makkah, as it was the land of Islam up until that time.
378. 'They are subjected to all the other commands of Allah like other Muslims, i.e. performing prayer. paying Zakat, paying Diyah etc, except that they do not get a share in war booty.
379. Ghanimah refers to tho spoils of war that Muslims gain after fighting the disbelievers and defeating them. One fifth of tho war booty is taken away and the rest is distributed among the ones who fought. This fifth is spent on the orphans. poor. needy. in the cause of Allah etc ..
380. This term refers to the war-booty which is acquired from the disbelievers without fighting them. No fifth is to be taken away and it is spent on the poor, the orphan etc ....
381. Poll tax money paid by non-Muslim citizens who are staying in a Muslim land, in return for their protection. services provided etc ..






1309. Kab bin Malik   narrated that whenever the Messenger of Allah  intended to go out on a battle, he would pretend to head in a different destination. Agreed upon.






1310. Maqil bin An-Nu'man bin Muqarrin  narrated, 'I witnessed (battles with) Allah's Messenger  and if he did not start fighting at the beginning of the day, he delayed the fighting till the sun had passed the meridian, and the wind blew (382) and victory descended from Allah." Related by Ahmad and the three Imams. Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih

382. If the Messenger or Allah  did not start the fighting at the break of day, he would defer it to the Dhuhr prayer time to meet the blessing of Allah which descended on the believers during the prayer time. As for the wind, scholars say that Muslims were granted victory at the battle of the Trench (Al-Ahzabi,) by the blowing of the wind, by tho will of Allah. Therefore. it Is believed to be one of the factors which brings about victory. and the wind usually blows after the sun had passed the meridian






1311. As-Sa'b bin Jath-thamah   narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah  was asked about the polytheists whose land was attacked at night with the probability that some of their women and offspring were killed or hurt.' He said  "They are from among them." (383) Agreed upon.

383. It is not meant that women and children are killed intentionally, but if they were killed by accident then the Messenger of Allah   means they are not to be blamed.





1312. 'A'ishah   narrated that the Messenger of Allah  said to a man who followed him on the day of the Battle of Badr, "Go back I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist)." (384)  Reported by Muslim.

384. This man who followed the Prophet  was a brave and strong man, but the Messenger of Allah  wanted him to embrace Islam first as be could see that the man had a strong desire to bccomo n Muslim. In another version of the hadith it says that when he became a Muslim the Messenger of Allah:saws: gave him permission to fight with Ihem. Some scholars say that this hadith is evidence that asking the assistance of a non-Muslim is not allowed in war, but other narrations prove that the Prophet   sought the help of Safwan bin Umaiyah on the Day of Hunain when he was still a polytheist, and he also asked the assistance of some other polytheists at the same battle hoping to bring their hearts closer to Islam, as he gave them a share of the war booty. That is why some scholars adopt the opinion that it was first prohibited to seek the help or polytheists during a war, but later on it was allowed (when the power of Islam became stronger) Ash-Shafi is or the opinion that if the polytheist has a good opinion concerning the tactics of war etc, it is allowed to seek his assistance, otherwise it is disliked.

1313. Ibn Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah saw a woman who was killed in one of his expeditions, so he disapproved the killing of women and children. Agreed upon.




1314, Samurah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, “Kill the mature men (385) of the polytheists but spare their children." Related by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi graded it as Sahih.





1315. 'Ali narrated that they (the Muslims and the polytheists) engaged in duel combat on the Day of Badr. (Related by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud reported it as part of a long Hadith.)






1316. Abu Aiyub narrated that this verse was revealed concerning US (Al-Ansar) He was referring to the verse, "And do not throw yourselves into destruction;' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:195), Abu Aiyub said that to answer those who disapproved of the action of those who attacked the Romans till they were amidst their army.' (386) Related by the three Imams, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hatim graded it as Sahih.

385. He means the grown up and strong men who are able to fight.
386. When the Muslims confronted the Romans at Constantinople, a Muslim fighter attacked the lines of the Romans until he was in their midst, and then returned. People then cried, 'He is throwing himself into destruction.' Abu Ayub then told them that they are misinterpreting the verse which was revealed concerning the Ansar, when Allah granted them victory they said to themselves secretly our property was lost, so why don't we stay here to take care of our property and regain what we have lost (and leave Jihad in the Cause of Allah). Allah. the Almighty then revealed this verse to show thorn that the real destruction occurs by staying back in their dwellings and not spending their wealth in the Cause of Allah.






1317. Ibn 'Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah burnt the palm trees of Banu an-Nadir (387) and cut them down. Agree upon.

387. This incident took place during the siege of Banu an-Nadir in Al-Madinah.






1318, 'Ubadah bin As-Samit narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, "Do not be dishonest (and treacherous) about the war booty (i.e. steal from it before it is divided legally), as Ghulul will be like fire (for the ones who got involved in it) and a cause of disgrace to those who are guilty of it in this world and in the Hereafter." Related by Ahmad, and An-Nasa’i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.





1319. 'Auf bin Malik narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah judged that the belongings taken from the (non-Muslim enemy) killed soldier in a war, are to be given to the one who killed him.' Related by Abu Dawud. Muslim reported it as part of a long Hadith.






1320. Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf narrated regarding the story of the killing of Abu Jahl, ' ..they both (388) hastened to him with their swords till they killed him. Afterwards, they went to the Prophet and informed him (of what they had done). The Messenger of Allah asked them, "Which of you killed him? Have you wiped your swords?" They said: 'No.' The Prophet then looked at the swords and said, "Both of you killed him." He then ordained that the belongings (weapons, shields etc ..) of Abu Jahl should go to Muadh bin 'Amro bin al-Jamnh.' (389 ) Agreed upon.

388. The two sons of Al-Afra who were teenagers at the time.
389. The Messenger of Allah commanded that the booty be given to Mu'adh -as scholars say- because he found that it was him who cut off Abu Jahl's leg with a fatal blow, which eventually killed him.

1321. Makhul narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah set up the ballista while attacking the people of at-Ta’if.' Related by Abu Dawud with a trustworthy chain of narrators, but it is Hadith Mursal.





1322. Anas narrated that the Messenger of Allah entered Makkah with a helmet on his head, and when he took it off, a man came to him and said, 'Ibn Khattal is hanging on to the curtains of the Ka’bah.' The Prophet thereupon said, “Kill him.” (390) Agreed upon.

390. Ibn Khattal accepted Islam at first and then the Messenger of Alllah sent him along with a man from the Ansar to collect Zakah. Ibn Khattal then aposticized and murdered his Ansar companion and fled to Makkah with the Zakah money. He also had two slave women who used to sing slanderous songs about the Prophet After the conquest of Makkah Ibn Khattal tried to take refuge in the premises of the Ka'bah by hanging onto its curtains, but the Prophet ordered his companions to kill him along with his slave women.





1323. Sa'id bin Jubair narrated. 'The Messenger of Allah killed three men (391) on the day of Badr while they were in bonds (by throwing arrows at them until they died).' Related by Abu Dawud.

391. The three men were Tu’aimah bin 'Adl, An-Nanr bin al-Harith and 'Uqbah bin Abi Mu’ait who threw the entrails of a she-camel on his back while he was performing his prayer by the Ka 'bah and they all used to harm the Prophet badly when he was still in Makkah.





1324. 'Imran bin Husain narrated that the Prophet exchanged two Muslim men from captivity for one polytheist." Related by At-Tirmidhi.





1325. Sakhr bin Al-'Ailah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said. "If the people (polytheists) accept Islam they will protect their blood and property." Related by Abu Dawud.






1326. Jubair bin Mutim narrated, 'The Messenger Allah said concerning the prisoners of war taken at Badr, "If al-Mut-am bin 'Adi had been alive and spoken to me about those filthy ones(as they were polytheists), I would have freed them for him.'' (392) Related by Al-Bukhari.

392. When the Messenger of Allah returned from a~-Ta'if, Mutim bin 'Adi and his sons gave him their protection to enter Makkah safely and announced in Makkah that he will enter Makkah under his protection and that he may pray as he wishes by the Ka’bah.






1327. Abu Said al-Khudri narrated, 'On the Day (the battle) of Autas, we took women captives who had husbands. The Companions felt uneasy to have any sexual relation with them. Then Allah, the Most High revealed the verse, "And women already married (are prohibited for you)except for those whom you possess. ' (393) (Surah An-Nisa' 4: 24)

393. When a polytheist woman is taken as a captive her previous marriage is immediately annulled. If this woman is pregnant, it is not allowed to have intercourse with her until she delivers her child. If she is not pregnant then she must wait for one menstrual cycle before her master can have sexual intercourse with her.

1328. Ibn 'Umar narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah sent a Sariyah (394) to Najd, and I was among them. They got many camels as spoils and each one's share was twelve camels, and they were given an additional camel each.' Agreed upon.

394. A small army unit sent by the Prophet for Jihad.






1329. Ibn "Umar (RAA) narrated, 'On the Day of Khaibar, the Messenger of Allah allotted two shares for a horse, and one share (from the war booty) for the fighter." (395) Agreed upon and the wording is from Al-Bukhari.

395. Which means that the rider' gets one share, plus two shares which are allotted for his horse as evidenced by the following Hadith. As for the fighter who is not riding, he gets one share.






1330. Abu Dawud also reported, 'He allotted three shares for a man and his horse, two for his horse and one for him.'






1331. Ma’n bin Yazid narrated, 'I heard the Messenger of Allah say, "Additional booties (extra to the allotted share) are to be distributed only after the fifth (396) has been kept aside." Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. At-Tahawi graded it as Sahih.


396. The fifth which is taken away is to be spent on the poor, the orphans etc.






1332. Habib bin Maslamah narrated, 'I witnessed the Messenger of Allah give a quarter (of the war spoils) as an additional booty (to a Sariyah) when they gained booty on their way out to the fight. He also gave a third (of the war spoils) as an additional booty when they gained it on their way back.' (397) Related by Abu Dawud, Ibn al-Garud, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

397. The Messenger of Allah gave them more if the booty is gained on the way back, as the enemy is more on the alert and the fight would be more fierce.






1333. Ibn 'Umar narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah used to give some (members) of the Sariyah he sent out (i.e. some of the soldiers), additional booties especially for them, (398) apart from the shares which are given to the whole army.' Agreed upon.

398.This was given as an additional reward for something special they did.






1334. Ibn 'Umar narrated, 'On our expeditions, we used to get honey and grapes (as spoils)(399) and eat them while on our military expeditions, without bringing them to the Prophet (or whoever is in charge of distributing the spoils).' Related by Al-Bukhari. Abu Dawud narrated, 'The fifth was not taken from them.' Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

399. He means that they did not need to take the permission of those who are in charge of distributing the war booty us they are allowed to take the food which is usually eaten either for themselves or for their animals.






1335. "Abdullah bin Abi Aufa narrated, 'On the Day of Khaibar, we got some food (as spoils). The man would come and take as much as he needed and then go away.' Related by Abu Dawud. Ibn Al-Garud and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.






1336. Ruaifi bin Thabit (RAA) narrated that the Messenger of Allah said, "He who believes in Allah and the Hereafter must not ride on an animal belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when be has emaciated it, or wear a garment belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when it is worn." Related by Abu Dawud and Ad-Darimi.

1337. Abu 'Ubaidah Al-Jarrah    narrated, 'I heard the Messenger of Allah  say, "Muslims must respect the protection granted (to a non-Muslim) by other Muslims." (400) Related by Ibn Abi Shaibah and Ahmad with a weakness in its chain of Narrators.

400. This Hadith (and the following ones) provide evidence that a Muslim may give a covenant of protection to a non-Muslim (give him asylum) whether this Muslim is a  man or a woman, old or young, rich or poor and it becomes an obligation on all Muslims to respect it.






1338. Al-Taialisi transmitted on the authority of 'Amro bin al-As   'The right of giving protection to non-Muslims is extended to the most humble of the believers (and all Muslims must respect it and give him support).'






1339. Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted on the authority of Ali  The protection granted by one Muslim is like one given by them all, and this right is extended to the most humble of them.' Ibn Majah narrated with a different chain of narrators, “And the most eminent gives protection on their behalf,'






1340. Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted in the Hadith of Umm Hani', "We have given protection to whom you have granted (protection), "(401)

401. Umm Hani' was the daughter of Abu Talib and the sister of 'Ali bin Abi Talib (RAA). She became a Muslim on the conquest of Makkah. The Hadith refers to two men of her family to whom she gave protection on the conquest of Makkah and her brother 'Ali did not want to accept it, but the Messenger of Allah   accepted her protection.






1341. 'Umar   narrated, '1 heard the Messenger of Allah  say, "I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula so as to leave only Muslims in it." (402) Reported by Muslim.

402. Scholars say that polytheists and those adopting other religions can travel by this area to pass through, except for Makkah and Al-Madinah and the sanctuary around each of them. What is really meant here is that they should not get the nationality of this land in modern standards, rather they may stay temporarily for work or trade. In another Hadith the Messenger of Allah  said that no two beliefs can coexist in the Arabian Peninsula, meaning that no other religions should be established there or have places of worship for this land to remain pure with the call to the Unity or Allah, The Almighty.





l342. 'Umar   narrated, 'The wealth of Banu an-Nadir (one of the Jewish tribes) was part of what Allah bestowed on His Messenger   and which the Muslims had not ridden on horses or camels to get (i.e. they did not have to fight); so they belonged specially to the Prophet  who would give his family their sustenance
for a year, then applied what remained for horses and weapons and equipment in the Path of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious." Agreed upon.






1343. Muadh bin Jabal (RAA) narrated, 'We went on an expedition to Khaibar along with the Prophet   and we got some sheep (as spoils). Then Allah's Messenger    divided  some of them among us and divided the rest with the other war booty." Related by Abu Dawud on the authority of reasonably reliable men.







1344. Abu Rafi   narrated that the Messenger of Allah   said, "I do not break a covenant or imprison messengers." Related by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Hibblin graded it as Sahih.







1345. Abu Hurairah   narrated that the Messenger of Allah   said, "Whichever town you take peacefully (they surrendered without fighting), and stay therein, you have a share in it (in whatever is obtained from it); and whichever town disobeys Allah and His Messenger  a fifth of (its booty) goes to Allah and His Messenger and what remains is yours." Related by Muslim.