Burial Of The Martyrs

As Salamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu

Burial Of The Martyrs:

The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) supervised the martyrs’ burial and said: “I bear witness that anyone who is wounded in the way of Allah, Allah will resurrect him with his wound bleeding a liquid which is blood-like in colour but musk-like in scent.”

Some of the Companions carried their men killed in the war to Madinah, but the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) ordered that they should be sent back in order to be buried where they were killed. He ordered that they should not be washed but buried as they were after stripping them off their armours and leather clothes. He used to bury every two or three martyrs together in one grave and even join two men in one garment while saying: “Who is the more learned of the Qur’an?” and he would commit him to earth first. He would say: “I bear witness to those on the Day of Resurrection.” He buried both ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram and ‘Amr bin Al-Jamuh in one grave due to the affection they used to possess to each other. (Al-Bukhari)

They missed the coffin of Hanzalah, they sought it and found that it was on a spot nearby with water dripping off it. The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) told his Companions (Radhi Allahu Anhum) that the angels were washing him and said: “Ask his wife”. They asked her and she confirmed that he had been in a state of ceremonial impurity. That was why Hanzalah was called ‘Ghaseel Al-Malâ’ikah’ (i.e. the one washed by the angels).

When the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) saw how his uncle and foster brother, Hamzah (Radhi Allahu Anhu), was mutilated, he was extremely grieved. When his aunt Safiyah (Radhi Allahu Anha) came to see her brother Hamzah, (Radhi Allahu Anhu) the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) ordered her son Az-Zubair (Radhi Allahu Anhu) to dismiss her in order not to see what happened to her brother. She refused and said, “But why should I go away. I have been informed that they have mutilated him. But so long as it is in the way of Allah, whatever happens to him satisfies us. I say: Allah is Sufficient and I will be patient if Allah wills.” She approached, looked at him and supplicated Allah for him and said: “To Allah we all belong and to Him we will verily return.” and she implored Allah to forgive him. Then the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) ordered that he should be buried with ‘Abdullah bin Jahsh (Radhi Allahu Anhu) — who was his nephew as well as his foster brother.

Ibn Mas‘ud (Radhi Allahu Anhu) said: We have never seen the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) weeping so much as he was for Hamzah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (Radhi Allahu Anhu). He directed him towards Al-Qiblah, then he stood at his funeral and sobbed his heart out.

The sight of the martyrs was extremely horrible and heart-breaking. Describing Hamzah’s (Radhi Allahu Anhu) funeral, Khabbab said: “No shroud long enough was available for Hamzah except a white-darkish garment. When they covered his head with it, it was too short to cover his feet. Similarly if they covered his feet his head would be revealed. Finally they covered his head with it and put some plant called ‘Al-Idhkhir’ to cover his feet.” (Mishkat/140)

Al-Imam Ahmad reported that when it was Uhud Day and the time that the idolaters returned, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) said:

“Istawoo (i.e. form rows as for prayer) so that I offer thanks and praise to my Lord, the Great and the All-Mighty.”

So they stood in rows behind him. Then he (Sallallahu 'Alayhi wa Sallam) said:

“O Allah, no one can withhold what You permit or permit what You withhold. No one can guide whom You decree to go astray or make go astray the one whom You guide. No one can grant provisions you have withheld and no one can withhold what you grant. No one can near what You ordained to be distant, or detach what You decree to be close. O Allah,
spread onto all of us Your Mercy, Your Grace, and Provisions.

O Allah, I implore You to grant me permanent bliss that neither changes nor vanishes. O Allah, You Alone we seek for Help at hardships. You Alone we resort to for security on a day of terror. O Allah, to You Alone I resort to protect us from the evils of Your grants (i.e. the evils they may lead us to) and from the evils of Your deprivation. O Allah, make us love Faith and make it pleasant and beloved wholeheartedly by us! Make disbelief, ungodliness and disobedience detestable to us. Let us be among those who are rightly guided. O Allah, make us live as Muslims and cause us to die as Muslims; and make us join with the righteous but not with the disgraced and misled ones. O Allah, make Your enmity befall the disbelievers, who belie Your Messenger and divert from Your righteous way. O Allah, let Your wrath, Your chastisement and Your enmity befall the disbelievers, and those on whom You sent down the Book. Let them be afflicted with war decreed by You. O Allah, the Author of Truth.”

After committing all the martyrs to earth, and after offering praise and supplication to Allah, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) went back to Madinah.

On his way back, matchless examples of love and devotion were revealed by the truthful women believers; in no way less great than the men’s heroic deeds in the fight.

Hamnah bint Jahsh met the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) on the way back, and he announced the death of her brother — ‘Abdullah bin Jahsh (Radhi Allahu Anhu) — to her. She said: “To Allah we belong and to Him we will verily return. I ask Allah’s forgiveness.” Then he announced the death of her maternal uncle Hamzah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (Radhi Allahu Anhu). She said: “To Allah we belong and to Him we will verily return. I ask Allah’s forgiveness.” But when he announced the death of her husband Mus‘ab bin ‘Umair (Sallallahu 'Alayhi wa Sallam) to her, she shouted and woed. Seeing her doing so, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu 'Alayhi wa Sallam) said: “The woman’s husband is extremely dear to her.”

He passed by a woman of Bani Dinar whose husband, father and brother were all killed at Uhud. When their death announced, she said: “How is the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam)?” They said: “Well indeed. O mother of so... Thanks for Allah; he is well and as good as you desire.” She said: “Let me see him.” They pointed at him. Seeing him she said: “All misfortunes are nothing so long as you are safe.”

Umm Sa‘d bin Mu‘adh came running to see the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam). At that time her son was holding the rein of his mare. Seeing his mother, he said to the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam): “O Messenger of Allah. This is my mother.” The Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) said: “She is welcome”; and he stopped and waited for her. When she drew near, he consoled her, for her killed son ‘Amr bin Mu‘adh (Radhi Allahu Anhu). But she said: “So long as I see you are safe, my misfortune will certainly go into oblivion.” Then the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) supplicated Allah for the relatives of those who were killed at Uhud and said: “Cheer up! Umm Sa‘d and bear good tidings to their kindred that all their people killed in the battle are comrades in Paradise and they are intercessors for all their kinsfolk.” She replied, “O Messenger of Allah, we are satisfied. Who would cry on them after this cheerful news?” Then she resumed saying: “O Messenger of Allah, invoke Allah (for those who stayed behind)” He said: “O Allah keep sorrow off their hearts! And console them with their misfortunes. Compensate those who stayed behind with goodness and welfare.”

In the evening of that day — i.e. Saturday, the seventh of Shawwal, 3rd year A.H. — the Messenger (Sallallahu 'Alayhi wa Sallam) arrived in Madinah. As soon as he reached his house, he handed his sword to his daughter Fatimah (Radhi Allahu Anha) and said: “O daughter, wash the blood off this sword. By Allah it has been helpful to me today.” ‘Ali
bin Abi Talib (Radhi Allahu Anhu) handed her his sword and said: “And wash the blood of this sword too. By Allah, it has been helpful to me today.” So the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) said: “Sahl bin Haneef and Abu Dujana have been as courageous as you are in the fight.”

Most of the narrations confirmed that seventy Muslims were killed and most of them, sixty-five, Helpers; forty-one of whom were from Khazraj and twenty-four from Aws. This, besides one Jew and four Emigrants.

As for the polytheists, twenty-two of them were killed, but some versions speak of thirty-seven; after all, Allah knows best.

On Saturday night, the eighth of Shawwal, and after their return from Uhud, the Muslims spent that night in an emergency case — though they were dead-beat, extremely exhausted. They stayed on the alert, and spent that night guarding the outlets and inlets of Madinah. They were specially busy guarding their general leader, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) for fear that some suspects could commit an unexpected folly.

As Salamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuhu

Hamra' Al-Asad Invasion:

The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) on his part, spent the night pondering over the situation. He feared that the idolaters might think — while they were still on their way to Makkah — of reversing their way and diverting to Madinah after they had realized that they had availed nothing of that victory. They might regret and decide to invade Madinah as a compensation. Therefore the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) was determined to go out in pursuit of the Makkan army.

The Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) called out unto people and ordered them to march to encounter the enemy of Islam. That was on Sunday morning — next day to Uhud — the eighth of Shawwal. He said: [color:fda8=green}“Nobody will march to the fight except those who have already participated in Uhud fight.”[/color] ‘Abdullah bin Ubai said: “I will march out with you.”[color=green] “No,” said the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam).

Whilst the Muslims were suffering a lot from painful pains and deep anxiety, they responded to his call positively. Jabir bin ‘Abdullah implored the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) to allow him join them in that fresh invasion on account that he always had a liking to witness all the battles that the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) was involved in. He had not participated in Uhud because his father asked him to stay in Madinah with his sisters. And he was granted his wish.

The Muslims marched out until they reached a place called Hamra’ Al-Asad — about eight miles from Madinah. He encamped there. In that place Ma‘bad bin Abi Ma‘bad came to the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) and professed Islam. Some people said that he remained an idolater; he simply desired to give the Messenger some advice out of abidance by a covenant between Khuza‘ah (his tribe) and Bani Hashim. He said “O Muhammad! By Allah, we feel great sorrow for what had happened to you and to your Companions. We really hope you will not suffer again.” So, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) suggested that he overtake Abu Sufyan and discourage him from pursuing his evil intentions.

The Messenger’s fears of a possible return of the idolaters proved to be absolutely true. For no sooner had the idolaters dismounted and encamped at Ar-Rawhâ’ — a place thirty-six miles from Madinah, than they started reproaching one another. A group of them said to another one: “You did nothing. You broke down their force but you left them. There are still some distinguished men among them who will probably gather people up to fight you again. So let us go back and annihilate them and crush down their forces.”

It was in fact a hasty decision taken by shallow-minded people who misjudged the potential power and morale on both parties, that is why an eminent leader of Quraish, Safwan bin Omaiyah, tried to dissuade his people from pursuing that venture, saying: “O people. Do not do such a thing! For I fear that he will gather up those who had stayed behind and did not share in Uhud. Go back home as winners. For I am not sure of what turn will the consequences take if you get involved in such a fight. It might be to your prejudice in the final place.” Notwithstanding that weighty argument, the majority of the polytheists were determined to embark on that risky undertaking.

Ma‘bad bin Abu Ma‘bad meanwhile arrived on the scene and tried to exaggerate the danger awaiting them in order to thwart their plan, he said: “Muhammad has marched to meet you with a large host of fighters, I have never seen something similar to it before. He has mustered all the troops who have tarried and did not share in Uhud. They surely regret what they have missed and want to compensate for it now. Their hearts are filled with hate and resentment.”

Abu Sufyan said: “Woe to you! What do you suggest?” He said: “By Allah, I see that you would not leave till he comes and you see the heads of their horses; or till the vanguard of his army turns up to you from behind that hill.” Abu Sufyan said: “By Allah, we have reached a common consent to crush down the Muslims and their power.” The man, once more with an implied warning, advised him to stop it.

In the light of this news, the resolution and determination of the Makkan army failed and panic and terror took firm hold of them. They consequently deemed it safest to complete there withdrawal back to Makkah. They, however, as an alternative, started a hostile nerve propaganda aiming at dissuading the Muslims army from pursuing them. A caravan belonging to ‘Abd Qais happened to pass by towards Madinah. Abu Sufyan, in the context of his propaganda, asked them to communicate a message to Muhammad to the effect that the Makkans had rallied their ranks to annihilate the Messenger and his Companions, in return Abu Sufyan promised to give the people of the caravan loads of raisins at the forum of ‘Ukaz the following year.

The people of the caravan conveyed the message to the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) at Hamrâ’ Al-Asad, but to no effect, on the contrary, Abu Sufyan’s words augmented them in Faith. Allah says:

“… And they said: ‘Allah (Alone) is Sufficient for us, and He is the Best Disposer of affairs (for us). So they turned with Grace and Bounty from Allah. No harm touched them; and they followed the good Pleasure of Allah. And Allah is the Owner of Great Bounty. [[Surah Aal-‘Imran 3:173-174]”

After the arrival of the caravan on Sunday, the Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) stayed at Hamrâ’ Al-Asad for three days — Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday — 9-11 Shawwal, 3 A.H. and then returned to Madinah. Before his return, he took Abu ‘Azza Al-Jumahi as a prisoner of war. Incidentally, this man had also been captured at Badr but on account of his poverty, and the large family he supported, the Prophet (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) had been gracious enough to release him on condition that he would not involve himself in war against the Muslims again. Abu ‘Azza did not keep his promise and took part in Uhud hostilities on the side of the polytheists. Here again he implored Muhammad (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam) for pardon but the latter told him that a believer wouldn’t be taken twice in the same snare. He then deservedly merited the sentence of death which was executed by Az-Zubair or, in another version, by ‘Asim bin Thabit (Radhi Allahu Anhuma).

A Makkan spy, called Mu‘awiyah bin Al-Mugheerah bin Abi Al-‘As, was sentenced to death too. This spy was the grandfather of ‘Abdul Malik bin Marwan on his mother side. When the idolaters went back after Uhud, Mu‘awiyah came to his paternal cousin ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ‘Uthman gave him shelter — after securing the Prophet ’s permission — on condition that if he was caught there after three days, he would be killed. But he did not comply with it, so when the Muslim army left Madinah, he stayed there for more than three days during which he was spying for Quraish. So when the army returned, Mu‘awiyah fled out of Madinah. The Messenger of Allah (Sallallahu ‘Alayhi wa Sallam), on this account, ordered Zaid bin Harithah and ‘Ammar bin Yasir to pursue him and kill him. So he was killed.

Undoubtedly, the invasion of Hamrâ’ Al-Asad is not a separate invasion, but rather a part, or more specifically, a sequel to Uhud.

That was Uhud Invasion with all its stages and details. It has for long been discussed by scholars and men of research. Was it a defeat or not? Doubtlessly, the military superiority in the second phase of the battle was in favour of the polytheists who could successfully direct the steering mechanism of hostilities and inflict heavy losses in lives on the Muslims. Admittedly, a part of the believers were clearly defeated, but this could never be considered a Makkan victory.

The Makkan army failed to occupy the camp of the Muslims. The greater bulk of the Madinese army, chaos and confusion notwithstanding, did not take to escape, on the contrary they showed matchless and heroic resistance and managed to gather themselves again around their headquarters fighting bravely and courageously. They, moreover, did not allow the Makkans to run after them in pursuit. Neither Muslim captives were taken nor spoils were gained by the Makkans. The enemies of Islam were also too cowardly to conduct the third phase of war, and impress their superiority on the battlefield, on the contrary, they were in hot haste to evacuate the field even before the Muslims did. Madinah itself, the capital of the Muslims, was only a stone’s throw from the lines of the enemy, and vulnerably exposed, yet the polytheists were not bold enough to storm it to plunder its wealth or capture the Muslim women therein.

These suggestive details in fact support our argument that the event of Uhud was just a precious occasion on which the Makkans managed only to inflict heavy losses on the Muslims but failed to achieve their ultimate goals of annihilating the Muslim army in the process of their encompassment operation. After all, it is not unusual for conquerors to sustain such casualties and losses, but these could under no circumstances be regarded as victory for the hostile party.

The incident of Hamrâ’ Al-Asad is interesting in this regard. It is a curious sight indeed of a victorious army in retreat for fear of disgrace and defeat, and the crestfallen and crippled group of Muslims in pursuit.

Uhud Battle in the final judgement was just one phase of military activities in the whole process of war between two hostile parties each of whom earned their legitimate portion of both success and failure and then desisted further engagement but without cowardly escape or resigned surrender. In this sense, this battle could be rightly regarded as an inseparable war. In this context, Allah says:

“And don’t be weak in the pursuit of the enemy; if you are suffering (hardships) then surely, they (too) are suffering (hardships) as you are suffering, but you have a hope from Allah (for the reward, i.e. Paradise) that for which they hope not.” [Surah An-Nisa’ 4: :104]

The verse explicitly identifies both attitudes as regards losses and hardships as identical. Both parties concluded the war operations and went back neither victorious nor vanquished.