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 Chapter 56 -Excellence of Simple Living and being Content with Little

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Chapter 56

Excellence of Simple Living and being Content with Little


Allah, the Exalted, says:

"Then, there has succeeded them a posterity who have given up As-Salat (the prayers) [i.e., made their Salat (prayers) to be lost, either by not offering them or by not offering them perfectly or by not offering them in their proper fixed times] and have followed lusts. So they will be thrown in Hell. Except those who repent and believe (in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad Sallalahu aleihi wa), and work righteousness. Such will enter Jannah and they will not be wronged in aught.'' (19:59-60)

"So he went forth before his people in his pomp. Those who were desirous of the life of the world, said: `Ah, would that we had the like of what Qarun (Korah) has been given! Verily, he is the owner of a great fortune.' But those who had been given (religious) knowledge said: `Woe to you! The reward of Allah (in the Hereafter) is better for those who believe and do righteous good deeds'.'' (28:79-80)

"Then, on that Day, you shall be asked about the delights (you indulged in, in this world)!'' (102:8)

"Whoever desires the quick-passing (transitory enjoyment of this world), We readily grant him what We will for whom We like. Then, afterwards, We have appointed for him Hell; he will burn therein disgraced and rejected (far away from Allah's Mercy).'' (17:18)




 

Hadith 491


`Aishah radiyallah anha reported: The family of Muhammad Sallalahu aleihi wa never ate to the fill the bread of barley for two successive days until he died. [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Another narration is: Aishah radiyallah anha said: Never did the family of Muhammad Sallalahu aleihi wa eat to the fill, since their arrival to Al-Madinah, the bread of wheat for three successive nights until his death.


Commentary: This Hadith tells us about the extreme piety, contentment and simplicity of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa. This mode of his life continued to his last days when he had started storing provision for one year for the maintenance of his wives. But he would always distribute it among the needy, so much so that nothing was left with him. Thus, the statement of the wives of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa that the family of Muhammad Sallalahu aleihi wa had never taken bellyful of food for two days is absolutely true. If they had it on one day they did not have it on the next day. This is how they lived their whole life in the companionship of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa.






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Hadith 492

`Urwah from `Aishah radiyallah anha  reported that she used to say to Urwah radiyallahu anhu   "O son of my sister, by Allah, I used to see the new moon, then the new moon, then the new moon, i.e., three moons in two months, and a fire was not kindled in the house of Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa. "I (`Urwah) said, "O my aunt, what were your means of sustenance?'' She said; "Dates and water. But it (so happened) that Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa had some Ansar neighbours who had milch animals. They used to send Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa some milk of their (animals) and he gave that to us to drink.'' [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Commentary:
`Aishah  radiyallah anha did not say this by way of complaint but as warning and exhortation to the Muslims, especially women, so that they would also live a simple life. The latter should prepare their family budget keeping in view the lawful earnings of their husbands and do not place so much burden on them that they are compelled to look for unfair means of earning.


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Hadith 493



Abu Sa`id Maqburi reported: Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu said that he happened to pass by some people who had a roast lamb before them. They invited him, but he declined, saying: "The Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa left the world without having eaten his fill with barley bread.'' [Al-Bukhari].


Commentary:

1. This Hadith shows how much care the Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa exercised in following him. They would even emulate him in matters in which it was not obligatory under the Shari`ah to follow him. It was in fact the result of that extreme love that they had for the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa. They were not like the present-day lovers of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa whose love does not go beyond lip-service. They were his true lovers and they followed him faithfully.

2. One should refuse to participate in feasts where extravagance is displayed, as is in common practice today, so that the evil tendency of extravagance and wastage is discouraged. One who avoids such parties, does not refuse invitations but respects the principles and values of Shari'ah which is a highly meritorious act.


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Hadith 494

Anas radiyallahu anhu reported: The Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa neither ate on a dining cloth, nor ate soft bread throughout his life. [Al-Bukhari].

One narration adds: He Sallalahu aleihi wa never even saw a Samit lamb.

Samit is an animal prepared for food by removing its hair by boiling water, and then roasted without being skinned. This type of food is preferred by wealthy people. (Editor's Note)


Commentary: It means that the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa has not adopted the ways of the rich but embraced a simple way of life which is the mode of Fuqara' - poor people. Thus, he remained contented with simple food and had no relish for extravagant feasts.





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Hadith 495

An-Nu`man bin Bashir (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) reported: I have seen your Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa when he did not find enough of even the inferior quality of dates to eat and fill his belly. [Muslim].


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Hadith 496

Sahl bin Sa`d radiyallahu anhu reported: Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa had never seen bread made out of fine flour throughout his life, since Allah commissioned him until his death. He was asked, "Did you not have sieves at the time of the Messenger of Allah?'' He replied, "Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa never saw a sieve.'' He was asked, "How did you manage to eat barley bread made of unsieved flour?'' He said, ''We used to ground it and then blew away the husk, and what remained we kneaded into dough.'' [Al-Bukhari].


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Hadith 497



Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu reported: Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa went out (of his house) one day, or one night, and there he met Abu Bakr and `Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhuma)  also. He Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"What made you leave your houses at this hour?''


They said, "It is hunger, O Messenger of Allah.'' He  Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, what made you leave, made me also leave,  so come along!''


And he went along with them to a man from the Ansar, but they did not find him in his house. When the wife of that man saw the Prophet  Sallalahu aleihi wa , she said, "You are most welcome.'' The Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said to her,

 "Where is so-and-so?''

She said, "He went to fetch some fresh water for us.'' In the meantime, the Ansari came back, saw Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa and his two companions and said: "Praise be to Allah, today no one has more honourable guests than I.'' He then went out and brought them a bunch of date fruit, having dates, some still green, some ripe, and some fully ripe, and requested them to eat from it. He then took his knife (to slaughter a sheep). The Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said to him,

"Do not kill a milch sheep.''  

So he slaughtered a sheep for them. After they had eaten and drunk to their fill, the Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said to Abu Bakr and `Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhuma),

 "By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, you will certainly be questioned about this treat on the Day of Resurrection. Hunger brought you out of your homes, and you do not return to your homes till you have been blessed with this treat.'' [Muslim].


Commentary:

1. This Hadith refers to the period of great hardship through which the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa and his Companions had passed after Hijrah (emigration).
2. It is permissible for one to seek help from such friends about whom one is confident that they will be happy to help.
3. The Hadith enjoins us to respect our guests and to thank Allah on their visit.


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Hadith 498


Khalid bin `Umar Al-`Adawi reported: `Utbah bin Ghazwan, radiyallahu anhu   the governor of Basrah, delivered a Khutbah. He praised Allah, glorified Him, then said: "Amma b`adu, verily, the world has been given the news of its end and is running to meet its end swiftly. Nothing is left out of it but a very little amount. Similar to the remainder in a dish whose owner is collecting it to drink; and you are going to move to an abode which knows no end, and you should proceed there with the good before you, for we have been informed (by the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa) that a stone would be thrown at one side of the Hell and it would travel down for seventy years but would not reach its bottom. By Allah, it will be filled (with men and jinn).

Do you find it strange? We have been informed (i.e., by the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa) that the distance between two shutters of the gate of Jannah is forty years (distance). And a day would come when it would be fully packed; I was the seventh amongst the seven who had been with Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa, and we had nothing to eat but the leaves of the tree until the sides of our mouth were injured. We found a sheet which we tore into two and divided between myself and Sa'd bin Malik. I made the lower garment with half of it and so did Sa`d. Today, there is none amongst us who has not become the governor of a city, and I seek refuge with Allah that I should consider myself great while I am insignificant to Allah.'' [Muslim].



Commentary: This Hadith brings the following points into prominence:

1. Remembrance of Al-Akhirah (the Hereafter) and the torment of Hell.
2. Description of the fast decline of the world and its trend towards destruction.
3. Description of the vastness of Jannah and Hell.
4. Reference to the affluence of the Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa which they had at a subsequent stage. It was in fact fulfillment of the Promise of Allah that He will bestow upon them power and majesty in this world.
5. The description of the graceful conduct of the Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa. In spite of having power and authority, they had neither arrogance nor pride. Goodwill and humility were special traits of their character and they always sought refuge with Allah against vanity and pride.
6. The Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa had sought to gain the pleasure of Allah rather than that of the people.
7. Humbleness of the Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa, as well as their good conduct and uprightness despite being in a position of authority.







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Hadith 499

Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari radiyallahu anhu reported: `Aishah radiyallah anha showed us a sheet and a thick lower garment and said to us the Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa was wearing them when he died. [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Commentary: The incident reported in this Hadith abundantly proves that the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa was not only austere in the matter of food but also in clothes and other worldly goods. He was contented with a minimum of necessities.



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Hadith 500

Sa`d bin Abu Waqqas radiyallahu anhu reported: By Allah, I am the first Arab who shot an arrow in the Cause of Allah. We fought along with the Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa when our food was only the leaves of Hublah and Samur trees (wild trees) until one of us would defecate like the droppings of sheep. [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Commentary:

1. This Hadith offers justification for enumerating the Blessings of Allah and the hardships which one may have suffered in one's past life, provided one does not mention the latter by way of complaint.
2. Lack of provision does not mean that the Companions of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa did not make any arrangement for food when they used to go for Jihad, but that their provision would finish during their campaigns.

What it actually means is the scarcity of food. They did not have foodstuff which could last till the end of the war, nor had they any system for its supply according to the requirements, with the result that they sometimes had to live on the tree-leaves.



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Hadith 501

Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu reported: the Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa used to supplicate:

"O Allah, make the provisions of family of Muhammad Sallalahu aleihi wa bare subsistence.''  [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].



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Hadith 502

Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu reported: By Allah other than Whom there is none worthy of worship, I used to press my stomach against the earth owing to my hunger; I would tie a stone over it. One day, I was sitting on the way they usually take when the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa passed by me. When he saw me he smiled at me and knew my condition and my feelings. He called me and I replied, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah.'' He said,

"Follow me.''  

So I followed him. Having arrived at home, he sought permission and entered. He allowed me in and I, too, entered. He Sallalahu aleihi wa  found milk in a bowl and asked,

"Where is this from?''  

He Sallalahu aleihi wa  was told that it was a gift for him from so-and-so. He called me and I responded: "At your service, O Messenger of Allah.'' He  Sallalahu aleihi wa said,  

"Go to the people of As-Suffah and usher them in.' '

He Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu explained: The people of As-Suffah were guests of Islam; they had no family, no property and no relations. When Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa used to receive something in charity, he would send it to them without taking anything from it. When he received a present, he would send for them and share it with them. On this occasion, I disliked to give them anything. I said to myself: "This meager quantity of milk will not be enough for all the people of As-Suffah! I am more deserving of it than anyone else. By drinking it I may attain some strength.

When they come, he will order me to give it to them. I do not expect that anything will be left for me from this milk.'' As there was no alternative but to obey Allah and His Messenger Sallalahu aleihi wa. I went and called them. They came and sought permission which was granted. They took their seats. The Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa called me and I responded, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah.'' He Sallalahu aleihi wa  then said,

"Take the milk and give it to them.''

I took the bowl and gave it to one man who drank his fill and returned it to me, and I gave it to the next and he did the same. I went on doing this till the bowl reached Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa By that time all had taken their fill. He Sallalahu aleihi wa took the bowl, put it on his hand, looked at me, smiled and said,

"Abu Hirr.''

I said, "At your service, O Messenger of Allah.'' He  Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"Now you and I are left.''
 

I said, "That is true, O Messenger of Allah.'' He  Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"Sit down and drink.''  

I drank, but he  Sallalahu aleihi wa went on saying,

"Drink some more.''

I said, "By Him Who has sent you with the Truth, I have no room for it.'' He  Sallalahu aleihi wa said,  

"Then give it to me.''  

So I gave him the bowl. He praised Allah, uttered the Name of Allah and drank the remainder.[Al-Bukhari].


Commentary: First, this Hadith indicates the miracle of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa as well as his love and compassion for Ahlus-Suffah, i.e., those poor people who used to stay at As-Suffah.

Second, the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa would not accept charity, but only gifts.

Third, he would also let others share a gift given to him by somebody.

Fourth, as seen in this incident, the leftovers of a Muslim, whether food or drink, is permissible to others to consume.

Fifth, to persuade a guest to eat or drink more is commendable.

Sixth, to eat or drink to one's fill, without extravagance, is also permissible.


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Hadith 503

Muhammad bin Sirin radiyallahu anhu reported: Abu Hurairah  radiyallahu anhu  said: "I would fall in swoon between the pulpit of (the masjid of) the Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa and the chamber of `Aishah  radiyallah anha and every passer-by would put his foot on my neck thinking I was insane. I was not insane but I was awfully hungry.'' [Al-Bukhari].


Commentary: The Hadith throws light on the poverty of the Companions as well as their self-respect, patience and contentment which prevented them from begging people.




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Hadith 504

Aishah   radiyallah anha reported: When Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa died, his armour was mortgaged with a Jew for thirty Sa` (measures) of barley.[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Commentary: In the Hadith, there is a mention of the asceticism of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa and also a permissibility for transactions with the people of the Book (the Jews and the Christians). That is why he mortgaged his coat of mail with a Jew and took a loan against it.


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Hadith 505

Anas radiyallahu anhu reported: The Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa mortgaged his armour for a quantity of barley, and I took to him some barley bread and rancid fat. I heard him Sallalahu aleihi wa  saying:

"The family of Muhammad never possessed a measure of wheat from dawn to dusk although they were nine houses (to feed).''
[Al-Bukhari].


Commentary: The Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa was perfectly humble and very generous to the point that he did not put anything away for himself until he had to mortgage his own armour for food.


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Hadith 506

Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu reported: I saw seventy of the people of As-Suffah and none of them had a cloak. They had either a lower cloth or a blanket which they suspended from their necks. Some reached half way down to the legs and some to the ankles, and one of them would manage to keep it in his hand to avoid exposing his private parts. [Al-Bukhari].






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Hadith 507


Aishah radiyallah anha  reported: The mattress of Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa was a piece of tanned skin stuffed with palm fibres. [Al-Bukhari].



Commentary: The Prophetic model of a simple way of living pictured in these Ahadith is vastly different from today's luxurious lifestyle adopted by Muslims. May they adopt the simplicity of their Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa.


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Hadith 508




Ibn `Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhuma)  reported: We were once sitting in the company of Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa when a man from the Ansar came and greeted. As he was leaving, Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said to him,

"O brother of the Ansar, how is my brother Sa`d bin `Ubadah?''
 

He replied, "He is well.'' The Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa asked,

 "Which of you is desirous of visiting him?''  

Having said this he got up and we followed him. We were ten and odd in number and we had neither shoes nor light boots nor caps nor shirts. We walked on foot through the barren plain till we came to the residence of Sa`d  radiyallahu anhu . His people made way and Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa along with those who accompanied him went up to him. [Muslim].


Commentary: In this Hadith the description which the Companions made about their condition reflects its relevance with this chapter. Second, we come to know that the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa called Sa`d  radiyallahu anhu  as his brother. This shows his perfect humbleness and great care for his Companions. Third, if the house is small, the host is presumed to make arrangement within the narrow space to accommodate the visitors, so that they may sit beside the patient for a while and enquire about his health.


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Hadith 509

Imran bin Husain (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) reported: The Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa said,  

"The best of you, are my contemporaries, then those who follow them, then those who will come after them.  


(`Imran said, I do not know if he said this twice or thrice).  

Then, they will be followed by those who will testify but will not be called upon to testify; they will betray the trust, and will not be trusted. They will make vows but will not fulfill them, and obesity will prevail among them.''  [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].


Commentary:
In this Hadith, three eras have been called as the best of ages in a graded order: first, the Prophetic era, second, the Successors' era, and third, the Followers of the Successors' era. Goodness and religion collectively prevailed during this time. Then gradually there was an overall deterioration and every new era that the pass of time brought it, proved to be worse than the preceding one. Today's Muslims have fallen due to their weakness in character. Now, the majority of Muslims lack morals and belief as described in the Qur'an and the Hadith. The complaint is to be lodged only with Allah!


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Hadith 510


Abu Umamah radiyallahu anhu reported: The Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"O son of Adam, if you spend the surplus, it will be better for you; and if you retain it, it will be evil for you. You will not be reprimanded for storing what is enough for your need. First of all spend upon those who are your dependents.'' [At-Tirmidhi].


Commentary: The Muslims have been allowed, rather emphatically told and commanded, to possess as much wealth as could meet their personal and family needs. Yet, they have also been advised to spend the spare money on the needy. Man has been told that it is unwise on his part to be niggardly about money because it spawns unfavourable results in this world as well as in the Hereafter. The concentration of wealth within a few hands freezes its vitality and leads to corruption in society. As for the Hereafter, the result of stinginess will be definitely bad as the Qur'an says:

"The things which they covetously withheld shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection.'' (3:180)

Some `Ulama' are of the opinion that after the payment of the annual Zakat (poor-due), it is not necessary to spend more. But to be accurate, if somebody pays Zakat and yet retains enough money with him, and there are some needy people also in his knowledge, then he will be bound to spend on them.

At-Tirmidhi quoted a Hadith in which Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said, "Indeed there is a right (for poor) in the wealth in addition to Zakat.''


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Hadith 511


`Ubaidullah bin Mihsan Al-Ansari radiyallahu anhu reported: Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa  said,

"Whosoever begins the day feeling family security and good health; and possessing provision for his day is as though he possessed the whole world.'' [At-Tirmidhi].


Commentary: To have one-day food and to enjoy peace and health is indeed a great blessing. It may be said that one has the same satisfaction which one can have on getting the whole world. And if one lacks peace and health, the treasures of the whole world will be of no use because the heaps of wealth cannot provide peace of mind to one, nor can it make one enjoy sound health. The Hadith also implies an advice to man that instead of running after wealth, he should endeavour to seek patience and contentment which alone can guarantee him peace and satisfaction. Otherwise, he is likely to stake everything on the pursuit of this mirage.


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Hadith 512


Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-As (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) reported: Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa said,

"Successful is the one who enters the fold of Islam and is provided with sustenance which is sufficient for his day's needs, and Allah makes him content with what He has bestowed upon him.'' [Muslim].


Commentary: The real success of a man will be measured by his being blessed with Divine mercy and forgiveness in the Hereafter, and this is contingent on Islam alone. If he lacks the wealth of Islam, all the worldly possessions will not ensure his success in the next world. This Hadith tells us that richness is not to be defined in terms of a lot of belongings, and that the real richness is gauged by the contentment of the soul.



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Hadith 513


Fadalah bin `Ubaid Al-Ansari radiyallahu anhu reported: I heard Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa say:

 "Happiness is due to him who is guided to Islam and possesses provision that suffices him for his day and remains content.'' [At-Tirmidhi].


Commentary: The word Tuba (translated here as happiness) is given to Jannah. Some Ahadith say that it is the name of a heavenly tree as well. Lexically, however, it means greeting and good tiding. The sense of this Hadith is analogous to that of the previous one.




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Hadith 514


Ibn `Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhuma) reported: Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa went to bed hungry for several successive nights, nor did his family have a thing for supper for many consecutive nights; and their bread was mostly of barley. [At-Tirmidhi].



Commentary:
This Hadith also displays the asceticism and economic scantiness of the Prophet Sallalahu aleihi wa and his wives. (Radhi Allahu Anhunna)




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Hadith 515


Fadalah bin `Ubaid radiyallahu anhu reported: When Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa led Salat, some people would fall down from their standing posture out of extreme hunger. They were of the people of As-Suffah. The nomad Arabs would say that they were insane. After concluding Salat, the  Messenger of Allah Sallalahu aleihi wa would turn to them and say,

"If you were to know what is in store for you with Allah, the Exalted, you would wish to augment your starvation and lack of provisions.'' [At-Tirmidhi].


Commentary: The habit of maintaining self-respect in the period of studentship makes man self-respecting, patient and content throughout his life. The dignity of `Ulama' lies in patience, contentment and indifference and not in wishing to drain the purses of others and asking them for alms.




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